Revision as of 16:38, 6 September 2013

Query Generation

We search for textual evidence by taking the proposition in the form of a tuple, turning it into a set of queries to execute against indexed text, scoring the query results, and combining them to generate a confidence estimate for the proposition.

Initially, we run three kinds of logical queries against tuples from indexed text (studyguide, glossary, clueweb subset). The logical query types, and instances for the example proposition

(Iron nail, is a good conductor of, electricity)

are, in decreasing order of weight,

Whole-tuple-match queries

These queries matches the full proposition tuple against indexed tuples.

For the example proposition we generate the following query:

( ( arg1:iron AND arg1:nail ) AND ( rel:good AND rel:conductor ) AND ( arg2s:electricity ) )

Partial-tuple-match queries

These queries matches at least one term from each part of the proposition against the corresponding parts of indexed tuples

For the example proposition we generate the following query:

( ( arg1:iron OR arg1:nail ) AND ( rel:good OR rel:conductor ) AND ( arg2s:electricity ) )

Keyword queries

These queries match any term from the propsition against any part of indexed tuples

For the example proposition we generate the following query (where the text: field is the concatenation of arg1, rel, and arg2s):

( text:iron OR text:nail OR text:good OR text:conductor OR text:electricity )

Example Query Results

Below are results for the queries described above for some example proposition tuples.

Iron Nail vs Plastic Cup

iron nail / is a good conductor of / electricity

MatchQuery: ( ( arg1:iron AND arg1:nail ) AND ( rel:good AND rel:conductor ) AND ( arg2s:electricity ) )
Results: <No Results>

PartialMatchQuery: ( ( arg1:iron OR arg1:nail ) AND ( rel:good OR rel:conductor ) AND ( arg2s:electricity ) )
Results (deduplicated):
 iron / is a conductor of / electricity

KeywordQuery: ( text:iron OR text:nail OR text:good OR text:conductor OR text:electricity )
Results (truncated, deduplicated):
 Iron / is / a good conductor : 
 Copper / is / a good conductor of electricity
 Water / is a good conductor of / electricity
 iron / is a conductor of / electricity
 carbon / is a good conductor of / electricity
 copper / is a good conductor of / electricity
 it / is a good conductor of / electricity

plastic cup / is a good conductor of / electricity

MatchQuery: ( ( arg1:plastic AND arg1:cup ) AND ( rel:good AND rel:conductor ) AND ( arg2s:electricity ) )
Results: <No Results>

PartialMatchQuery: ( ( arg1:plastic OR arg1:cup ) AND ( rel:good OR rel:conductor ) AND ( arg2s:electricity ) )
Results: 
 Plastic / is a non-conductor of / electricity

KeywordQuery: ( ( arg1:plastic OR arg1:cup ) AND ( rel:good OR rel:conductor ) AND ( arg2s:electricity ) )
Results (truncated):
 Mercury / is / a good conductor of electricity
 Copper / is / a good conductor of electricity 
 Plastic / is a non-conductor of / electricity
 Water / is a good conductor of / electricity
 Graphite / is a good conductor of / electricity
 Plastic / is / a non-conductor of electricity
 carbon / is a good conductor of / electricity 
 mercury / is a good conductor of / electricity 
 copper / is a good conductor of / electricity
 it / is a good conductor of / electricity

Growth vs Germination

Growth / causes / leaves of a plant to become large

MatchQuery: ( ( arg1:growth ) AND ( rel:causes ) AND ( arg2s:leaves AND arg2s:plant AND arg2s:large ) )
Results: <No Results>

PartialMatchQuery: ( ( arg1:growth ) AND ( rel:causes ) AND ( arg2s:leaves OR arg2s:plant OR arg2s:large ) )
Results: <No Results>

KeywordQuery: ( text:growth OR text:causes OR text:leaves OR text:plant OR text:large )
Results (truncated, deduplicated):
 The plant / has / very large leaves and an open and vigorous growth habit
 growth plant / has / thick leaves and growth
 The plant / has / large leaves
 A large plant / has / large leaves
 compaction / causes / erosion and reduced plant growth        

Germination / causes / leaves of a plant to become large

MatchQuery: ( ( arg1:germination ) AND ( rel:causes ) AND ( arg2s:leaves AND arg2s:plant AND arg2s:large ) )
Results: <No Results>

PartialMatchQuery: ( ( arg1:germination ) AND ( rel:causes ) AND ( arg2s:leaves OR arg2s:plant OR arg2s:large ) )
Results (deduplicated):
Delayed germination / causes / seed rot and reduced plant population

KeywordQuery: ( text:germination OR text:causes OR text:leaves OR text:plant OR text:large )
Results (truncated, deduplicated)
the plant / produces / a basal rosette of leaves Upon germination
Delayed germination / causes / seed rot and reduced plant population
the plant / has / large leave

Sense of Smell vs Pointy Teeth

Sense of smell / helps / fox find food

MatchQuery: ( ( arg1:sense AND arg1:smell ) AND ( rel:helps ) AND ( arg2s:fox AND arg2s:find AND arg2s:food ) )
Results: <No Results>

PartialMatchQuery: ( ( arg1:sense OR arg1:smell ) AND ( rel:helps ) AND ( arg2s:fox OR arg2s:find OR arg2s:food ) )
Results:
 a very keen sense of vision / helps / them to find food , shelter , mates , and avoid predators

KeywordQuery: ( text:sense OR text:smell OR text:helps OR text:fox OR text:find OR text:food )
Results (truncated):
 The Fox / has / a highly developed sense of smell
 a very keen sense of vision / helps / them to find food , shelter , mates , and avoid predators
 Fish use smell / to find / food
 creatures / continued to use their sense of smell to find / food and water
 food - Smell / helps / us to distinguish
 animals / depend / on their sense of smell to hunt food , find and attract mates , or avoid predators
 smell / helped / them find food
 them / find / food
 them / to find / food , shelter , mates , and avoid predators

Pointed teeth / helps / fox find food

MatchQuery: ( ( arg1:pointed AND arg1:teeth ) AND ( rel:helps ) AND ( arg2s:fox AND arg2s:find AND arg2s:food ) )
Results: <No Results>

PartialMatchQuery: ( ( arg1:pointed OR arg1:teeth ) AND ( rel:helps ) AND ( arg2s:fox OR arg2s:find OR arg2s:food ) )
Results (deduplicated):
 Regular brushing of the teeth / helps / to take out the food particles that are stuck up inside the mouth and cause bad breath
 the matter of your teeth / helps / you to chew the food properly and lead a healthy life

KeywordQuery: ( text:pointed OR text:teeth OR text:helps OR text:fox OR text:find OR text:food )
Results (truncated):
 animals / find / food
 the red fox / to find / food
 echolocation / helps / bats find food
 Baby Fox / find / its mommy
 bats / find / food
 them / find / food
 my teeth / got / pointed
 my teeth / got pointed /
 their teeth / are pointed /

Gravity vs Friction

Gravity / pulls / a marble to the bottom of the glass

MatchQuery: ( ( arg1:gravity ) AND ( rel:pulls ) AND ( arg2s:marble AND arg2s:bottom AND arg2s:glass ) )
Results: <No Results>

PartialMatchQuery: ( ( arg1:gravity ) AND ( rel:pulls ) AND ( arg2s:marble OR arg2s:bottom OR arg2s:glass ) )
Results (deduplicated):
 the force of gravity / pulls / the glass into shape As the glass softens
 gravity / pulls / the particulate into a hopper at the bottom of the chamber Then
 gravity / pulls / in a direction away from the center of the loop circle Near the bottom of a loop 
 gravity / pulls / down on the glass
 gravity / pulls / the molecules of glass downward
 Gravity / pulls / the material in the oppostie direction towards the bottom outlet 

KeywordQuery: ( text:gravity OR text:pulls OR text:marble OR text:bottom OR text:glass )
Results (deduplicated):
 gravity / pulls / down on the glass
 gravity / pulls / the molecules of glass downward
 gravity / pulls > > / them 
 gravity / pulls /

Friction / pulls / a marble to the bottom of the glass

MatchQuery: ( ( arg1:friction ) AND ( rel:pulls ) AND ( arg2s:marble AND arg2s:bottom AND arg2s:glass ) )
Results: <No Results>
 
PartialMatchQuery: ( ( arg1:friction ) AND ( rel:pulls ) AND ( arg2s:marble OR arg2s:bottom OR arg2s:glass ) )
Results: <No Results>
 
KeywordQuery: ( text:friction OR text:pulls OR text:marble OR text:bottom OR text:glass )
Results (truncated):
 the bar across / pulls / the bottom 
 cabinet / pulls / glass cabinet pulls hardware cabinet 4 41 Comments
 mixture / pulls / away from bottom of pan 
 gravity / pulls / down on the glass
 the bottom / was / marble 
 a marble / reaches / the bottom 
 the marble / reaches / the bottom 
 lateral Laplacian friction / can include / bottom drag
 a coloured glass marble / magnified / 
 it / pulls / the magnet to the bottom of the glass When you remove the glass from the tap

Grass vs Grasshopper

Grass / is a / producer

MatchQuery: ( ( arg1:grass ) AND ( rel:is AND rel:a ) AND ( arg2s:producer ) )
 Results: <No Results>
 
 PartialMatchQuery: ( ( arg1:grass ) AND ( rel:is OR rel:a ) AND ( arg2s:producer ) )
 Results (truncated, deduplicated):
  The Grass / Is / Always Greener Over the Septic Tank benson producer robert peter ( CBS , 10/25/1978 , 120 mins
  Rabbit-foot grass / is / a heavy seed-producer
  The grass / is / a producer
  Grass / is / a major pollen producer
  grass / is / the producer
 
 KeywordQuery: ( text:grass OR text:producer )
 Results (truncated, deduplicated):
  The grass / is / a producer
  Grass / is / a major pollen producer
  grass / is / the producer
  Grass / is a major pollen producer so / mow

Grasshopper / is a / producer

MatchQuery: ( ( arg1:grasshopper ) AND ( rel:is AND rel:a ) AND ( arg2s:producer ) )
Results: <No Results>

PartialMatchQuery: ( ( arg1:grasshopper ) AND ( rel:is OR rel:a ) AND ( arg2s:producer ) )
Results: <No Results>

KeywordQuery: ( text:grasshopper OR text:producer )
Results (truncated):
 This grasshopper / stocks up / on TideA grasshopper
 Grasshopper / dodged / him
 The Grasshopper / thinks / 
 the grasshopper / sings / 
 the grasshopper / was starving / 
 The grasshopper / laughed / 
 the grasshopper / goofs off /  
 the grasshopper / starved / 
 The grasshopper / dies / 
 One grasshopper / jumped /