Difference between revisions of "Vulcan/TupleRepresentation"
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== Motivation == | == Motivation == | ||
− | * | + | * For deep understanding and reasoning, we want high coverage of the information in each sentence. <i>Current Open IE doesn't output nested relations directly. Simple post-processing steps on the output tuples can get us there.</i> |
+ | * Vulcan propositions we are trying to prove and the definition sentences we use for evidence are often nested or n-ary. | ||
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+ | * The nested and n-ary representation will make inference rules more compact. Without nesting, a single sentence is represented as two separate tuples; without n-ary, a single sentence becomes multiple tuples, some of which don't make much sense on their own. | ||
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+ | == Examples == | ||
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+ | ; Definitions | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
Example1: | Example1: | ||
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Adaptation helps an organism survive in its environment | Adaptation helps an organism survive in its environment | ||
Pattern: X rel1 Y rel2 Z | Pattern: X rel1 Y rel2 Z | ||
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</pre> | </pre> | ||
− | + | ; Propositions | |
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<pre> | <pre> | ||
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1. "A turtle eating worms is an example of taking in nutrients" | 1. "A turtle eating worms is an example of taking in nutrients" | ||
((turtle, eat, worms); is; example of (turtle; take in; nutrients)) | ((turtle, eat, worms); is; example of (turtle; take in; nutrients)) | ||
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4. "Gravity pulls the marble to the bottom of the glass" | 4. "Gravity pulls the marble to the bottom of the glass" | ||
(gravity; pull; marble; to bottom of glass) | (gravity; pull; marble; to bottom of glass) | ||
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+ | Examples 2 and 3 are nested; 1 has a complex nesting; 4 is n-ary. Example 1 also has sentence internal coreference to get (turtle; take in; nutrients). | ||
</pre> | </pre> |
Latest revision as of 21:06, 3 September 2013
Motivation
- For deep understanding and reasoning, we want high coverage of the information in each sentence. Current Open IE doesn't output nested relations directly. Simple post-processing steps on the output tuples can get us there.
- Vulcan propositions we are trying to prove and the definition sentences we use for evidence are often nested or n-ary.
- The nested and n-ary representation will make inference rules more compact. Without nesting, a single sentence is represented as two separate tuples; without n-ary, a single sentence becomes multiple tuples, some of which don't make much sense on their own.
Examples
- Definitions
Example1: Adaptation helps an organism survive in its environment Pattern: X rel1 Y rel2 Z Open IE 4.0 represents this as triples: (adaptation; helps; organism survive in its environment) (organism; survive; in its environment) Should we make the nested tuple explicit: (adaptation; helps; (organism; survive; in its environment)) Note that the nested form can be recovered from the pair of triples. Example2: The kidneys filter waste materials out of the blood Pattern: X rel Y prep Z Open IE 4.0 represents this as an n-ary tuple: (The kidneys; filter; waste materials; out of the blood) Note that additional arguments in n-ary tuples always(?) begin with a preposition.
- Propositions
1. "A turtle eating worms is an example of taking in nutrients" ((turtle, eat, worms); is; example of (turtle; take in; nutrients)) 2. "Growth causes the leaves of a plant to become larger" (growth; cause; (leaves of plant; become; larger)) 3. "A sense of smell helps a fox find food" (sense of smell; help; (fox; find; food)) 4. "Gravity pulls the marble to the bottom of the glass" (gravity; pull; marble; to bottom of glass) Examples 2 and 3 are nested; 1 has a complex nesting; 4 is n-ary. Example 1 also has sentence internal coreference to get (turtle; take in; nutrients).